Life on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was both grueling and deadly. Beyond the backbreaking work and meager wages, Irish laborers faced the constant threat of disease. Epidemics of cholera, typhoid, malaria, and other infectious illnesses swept through the canal line with terrifying speed, leaving men dead in the fields, shanties, and poorhouses. Desperate to survive, canal workers fled the line, abandoning their posts and leaving construction and the company’s finances in jeopardy. Efforts to create hospitals and care for the sick were minimal, poorly funded, and largely ineffective. The story of the canal is as much about the diseases that stalked its workers as the labor they performed, a stark reminder of the human cost behind America’s early infrastructure.